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****** Institutionalized Defense Cooperation 
****** Journal of Conflict Resolution
****** Md Muhibbur Rahman
****** February 2026
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********************************************************* Figures in the main text ***************************************************************



***** Figure 1 – Patterns of DCA proliferation

*(a) Over time

use JCR_data_DCAsign, clear 

drop if ccode < ccode2
sort dca_sign year
egen dca_sum_by_year =sum(dca_sign), by(year)
sort year

graph twoway line dca_sum_by_year year

*(b) By type

use JCR_data_descriptive, clear 

gen catg =.
replace catg = 1 if category == "DCA"
replace catg = 2 if category == "DIC"
replace catg = 3 if category == "PROCUREMENT"
replace catg = 4 if category == "RESEARCH"
replace catg = 5 if category == "TREX"
replace catg = 6 if category == "COMMISSION"

graph hbar (count) dca, over(catg)


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***** Figure 2 – Variation in institutionalized defense cooperation

*_Note: Not a statistical/data-based figure



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***** Load the main (monadic) data

use JCR_replication_data, clear 
xtset ccode year 

*_Note: Use this data for all subsequent figures



***** Figure 3 – Descriptive statistics

*(a) Coup attempts by year

egen coup_country= sum(any_coup_dum), by(year)
sort year
graph twoway line coup_country year

*(b) DCAs by year

egen dca_country= sum(dca_ds), by(year)
sort year
graph twoway line dca_country year

*(c) DCAs and regime type

egen dca_democracy= sum(dca_ds) if democracy_BX==1, by(year)
egen dca_nondemocracy= sum(dca_ds) if democracy_BX==0, by(year)
sort year
graph twoway line dca_democracy dca_nondemocracy year

*(d) DCAs and development status

egen dca_developed= sum(dca_ds) if oecd==1, by(year)
egen dca_developing= sum(dca_ds) if oecd==0, by(year)
sort year
graph twoway line dca_developed dca_developing year




***** Figure 4 – Odds Ratios for Coup Attempt

xtmelogit any_coup_dum dcacount defense prev_acoup polity_iv lnGDPpc || ccode: , intpoints(10)
estimates store m1
xtmelogit any_coup_dum dca_dum defense prev_acoup polity_iv lnGDPpc || ccode: , intpoints(10)
estimates store m2

xtmelogit any_coup_dum dcacount defense prev_acoup polity_iv lnGDPpc || ccode: if oecd==0, intpoints(10)
estimates store m3
xtmelogit any_coup_dum dca_dum defense prev_acoup polity_iv lnGDPpc || ccode: if oecd==0, intpoints(10)
estimates store m4

coefplot (m1) || (m2) || (m3) || (m4), keep(dca_dum dcacount defense) order(dcacount dca_dum defense) xline(1) eform xtitle(Odds ratio) recast(bar) ciopts(recast(rcap)) citop barwidt(0.3)



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***** Figure 5 – Parallel Trends

*_Note: See Python/Jupyter Notebook codebook for Figures 5 and 6: "figures_5_and_6_json"




***** Figure 6 – Average Treatment Effects on the Treated

*_Note: See Python/Jupyter Notebook codebook for Figures 5 and 6: "figures_5_and_6_json"



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